Electronic Voting, Spring 2020

Subject to Change!

Wed Jan 22 Overview: John Oliver on Voting Machines (HBO) (Warning: off color and political)

Fri Jan 24 A brief history

Mon Jan 27 What is free and fair? [last add, last free drop]
      New York Consitution of 1777 see articles VI-VIII.
      The People's Charter, 1838

Wed Jan 29 The move to paper ballots
      Stuffer's Ballot Box, Leslie's, 1856
      U.S. Patent 20,256 Cummings, May 1858
      U.S. Patent 21,684 Jollie, Oct 1858
      Ballot Boxes in Kazakhstan 2007

Fri Jan 30 Technology Fights Back
      U.S. Patent 30,503 Shinn, Oct 1860
      U.S. Patent 142,124 Savage, Aug 1873
      U.S. Patent 149,202 Davis, Mar 1874
      U.S. Patent 200,495 Williams, Feb 1878
      U.S. Patent 203,525 Bacon, May 1878

Mon Feb 3 What is a secret ballot?
      Electoral Act of 1856, Section XXXVI and Annex F (pages 12, 27) – Australia
      The Balot Act of 1872 First Schedule, Part I (pages 22-34) – Britain
      On Representative Government, Of the Mode of Voting, John Stuart Mill, 1873

Wed Feb 5 Counting votes, not ballots
      U.S. Patent 158,652 Spratt, Mar 1875
      U.S. Patent 211,056 Roney, Dec 1878
      U.S. Patent 248,130 Beranek, Mar 1881

Fri Feb 7 Counting ballots vs counting votes
      Late Show with Stephen Colbert Feb 4, 2020
      The Daily Show Feb 6, 2020
      Electoral Reform NY Times, Nov. 10, 1887
      How Tweed was Elected NY Times, Nov. 9, 1871
      That's what's the matter Harpers, Oct. 7, 1871

Mon Feb 10 The first machine to market
      U.S. Patent 415,549 Myers, Nov 1889
      U.S. Patent 494,588 Myers, Apr 1893

Wed Feb 12 Competition
      U.S. Patent 502,744 McTammany, Nov 1893
      U.S. Patent 550,053 McTammany, Nov 1895
      U.S. Patent 550,054 McTammany, Nov 1895
      U.S. Patent 761,781 McTammany, Nov 1904

Fri Feb 14 News coverage
      The Trial of Ballot Machines Public Opinion, Nov. 26, 1896
      Voting Machine Abandoned NY Times, Nov. 29, 1896
      19 R.I. 729 In re Voting Machines Rhode Island Supreme Court, 1897 (and dissent)
      Voting by Machinery NY Times, Dec. 24, 1899

Mon Feb 17 Thinking outside the box
      U.S. Patent 415,548 Myers, Nov 1889 -- token in the slot
      U.S. Patent 422,891 Rhines, Mar 1890 -- numbering stamps
      U.S. Patent 500,001 Iles, June 1893 -- punched card ballots
      U.S. Patent 616,174 Wood, Dec 1898 -- electric counters
      U.S. Patent 620,767 Gray, Mar 1899 -- machine with punch

Wed Feb 19The main line of development
      U.S. Patent 526,668 Davis, Sept 1894 -- straight party, better interlock
      U.S. Patent 576,570 Gillespie, July 1897 -- compact design with curtain
      U.S. Patent 628,905 Gillespie, July 1899 -- programmable interlock
      U.S. Patent 825,800 Gillespie, June 1907 -- programmable cross-party endorsement

Fri Feb 21 The adoption of voting machines [Maha Shivaratri (Hindu)]
      Election Administration in the United States Joseph Harris, 1934; Chapter 7.

Mon Feb 24 The dawn of electronic voting
      U.S. Patent 2,195,848 Carroll, Nov 1937 -- standard IBM punched-cards
      U.S. Patent 2,750,108 Keith, June 1956 -- mark-sense scanner
      U.S. Patent 2,940,663 Fechter, June 1960 -- mark-sense scanner
      U.S. Patent 3,162,362 Keith, June 1956 -- Jazbutis direct recording electronic

Wed Feb 26 Electronics goes to the polls [Ash Wednesday (Western Christian)]
      BRL 3^rd Survey of Computing Systems Norden Vote Tally System, 720-723, 1961
      U.S. Patent 3,201,038 Harris, Aug 1965 -- first Votomatic
      U.S. Patent 3,218,439 Holzer, Aug 1965 -- optical mark-sense scanner
      U.S. Patent 3,240,409 Harris, Mar 1966 -- mature Votomatic

Fri Feb 28
      Joseph P. Harris, Oral history transcript, 1980. Chapter XIII
      Effective use of Computing Technology in Vote-Tallying, Saltman, 1978. Chapter IV (pages 15-32)

Mon Mar 2 A simmering pot of ideas [degree applications due] [Clean Monday (Eastern Christian)]
      U.S. Patent 3,787,662 O'Neal, Jan 1974 -- beautiful modular DRE
      U.S. Patent 3,934,793 O'Neal, Jan 1976 -- compact mechanism + punchcard
      U.S. Patent 3,944,788 Comisar, Mar 1976 -- electro-Votomatic?
      U.S. Patent 4,015,106 DePhillipo, Mar 1977 -- networked DRE voting

Wed Feb 4 DRE voting makes it to the polls
      U.S. Patent 3,793,505 McKay, Feb 1974 -- Preliminary ideas
      U.S. Patent 4,025,757 McKay, May 1977 -- Hybrid video DRE voting

Fri Mar 6 A family of ballot scanners [summer preregistration]
      U.S. Patent 4,021,780 Narey, May 1977 -- Precinct-count GYREX-MTB1
      U.S. Patent 4,479,194 Fogg, Oct 1984 -- Precinct-count CESI Optech 1
      U.S. Patent 4,813,708 Narey, Mar 1989 -- BRC Optech III/IV
      U.S. Patent 5,248,872 Stewart, Sept 1993 -- Central count BRC Optech IV

Mon Mar 9 [Purim (Jewish)]
      U.S. Patent 4,641,240 Boram, Feb 1987 -- Shouptronic DRE system
      U.S. Patent 4,641,241 Boram, Feb 1987 -- Shouptronic memory cartridge

Wed Mar 11
      U.S. Design Patent 312,251 Bleck, Nov 1990 -- Sequoia Results Cartridge
      U.S. Design Patent 319,459 Bleck, Nov 1990 -- Sequoia Automatic Voting Computer
      Verified Voting on the AVC

Fri Mar 13 Like an Etch-A-Sketch [spring break starts] [bad luck (Christian?)]
      U.S. Patent 5,583,329 Davis, Dec 1996 -- Votronic DRE
      Verified Voting on the iVotronic
      U.S. Patent 7,032,821 McClure, Apr 2006 -- Hart E-Slate
      Verified Voting on the E-Slate

Spring Break -- COVID-19 forced switch to on-line format

Mon Mar 23 Florida 2000
      Saltman 2006, Chapter 1 on the 2000 election.
      US Commission on Civil Rights 2001, Chapters 1, 6, 8
      Human Factors 2002
      notes and comments

Wed Mar 25 The Help America Vote Act of 2002
      The Act 2002
      Congressional Research Service 2016
      notes and comments

Fri Mar 27 Accessible Voting Technology
      U.S. Patent 4,642,450 Ahmann, Feb 1987 -- Votomatic Stylus
      U.S. Patent 7,080,779 Cummings, Jul 2006 -- Automark Ballot Marking Device
      Real life experience Runyan, 2004
      Congressional testimony Runyan, 2007
      notes and comments

Mon Mar 30 Voter Verified Paper Trails
      A Better Ballot Box Mercuri 2002
      U.S. Patent 7,387,244 Bolton, Jun 2008 -- iVotronic RTAL
      Can Voters Detect Manipulation Bernhard, et al 2019
      notes and comments

Wed Apr 1 Cryptographic end-to-end voting [drop deadline][project proposal deadline]
      Secret Ballot Receipts Chaum, 2004 -- Visual Cryptography
      Scantegrity II Chaum, 2008 -- Invisible ink
      notes and comments

Fri Apr 3 More cryptographic voting
      Simple Verifiable Elections Beneloh, 2008 -- Groundwork
      Helios Adida, 2008 -- A real system
      notes and comments

Mon Apr 6 Auditing elections
      Auditing Elections Overview -- Jones 2004
      Conservative Statistical Post-Election Audits Risk Limiting Audits -- Stark 2008
      Implementing Risk Limiting Audits Real-world experience -- Hall 2009
      notes and comments

Wed Apr 8 Voter registration databases
      Statewide Databases of Registered Voters ACM 2006
      Voter Identity Theft Sweeny, et al 2017
      notes and comments

Fri Apr 10 -- no class -- [fall preregistration] [Good Friday (Western Christian)] [Passover II (Jewish)]

Mon Apr 13 Electronic pollbooks [Vaisakhi (Hindu)] [Passover V (Jewish)]
      ExpressPoll-4000 Diebold, 2005
      EVEREST — Premier Ohio, 2007
      notes and comments

Wed Apr 15 State level threats [Passover VII (Jewish)]
      The Election of 2016 Jones, 2017 -- with apologies, what we knew
      The Mueller Report Department of Justice, 2019 -- Volume I, pages 36-50
      notes and comments

Fri Apr 17 Hacking the electorate, not the machines [Good Friday (Eastern Christian)]
      The Mueller Report Department of Justice, 2019 -- Volume I, pages 14-29
      notes and comments

Mon Apr 20 International Law
      on Human Rights UN 1948 -- Article 21, right to participate in government
      American Convention on Human Rights OAS 1969 -- Article 23, right to participate in government
      The Helsinki Accords NATO/WarsawPact 1975 -- (a)VIII equal rights and self determination
      Charter of Paris NATO/WarsawPact 1990 -- Annex I (pages 24-25)
      Standards for E-Voting Council of Europe, 2017
      notes and comments

Wed Apr 22 Emergency planning (9/11)
      A New Election Day NY Times 2001
      Federal Reimbursement for 9/11 FEMA 2002
      notes and comments

Fri Apr 24 Emergincy Planning (COVID-19) [Ramadan begins (Islam)]
      10 recommendations for 2020 Persily an Stewart, 2020.
      We'll need Vote-by-Mail in November Foley, 2020.
      COVID-19 election Recommendations Verified Voting, 2020.
      COVID-19 election Recommendations AAAS, 2020.
      Fair Elections During a Crisis Ad Hoc Working Group, 2020.
      notes and comments

Mon Apr 27 Project presentations

Wed Apr 29 Project presentations

Fri May 1 Project presentations   COVID-19 led to the replacement of presentations by

Mon May 4 Project presentations   distribution of rough term paper drafts for class discussion

Wed May 6 Project presentations

Fri May 8 Project presentations [last day of class]

FINAL EXAM? No! Term papers due by the end of finals week.