http://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/~dwjones/voting/civic/
Jones Talk, Slide 4
- Hand Counted Paper Ballots
-- Unwieldy for general elections
-- Subjective counting was widespread by 1880
- Lever Machines
-- Widely used for a century, no longer made
-- No independent record of count
-- Technicians can tinker
-- If it breaks, it'll break at 99 votes
- Punched Cards
-- Widely used for decades
-- Major chad problems recognized in 1970's
http://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/~dwjones/cards/chad.html
- Central Count Optical Scan
-- Widely used for decades
-- Machines cannot interpret nonstandard marks
-- Machines cannot apply a uniform standard
-- Subjective counting problem re-emerges
- Precinct Count Optical Scan
-- Available for 2 decades
-- Machines can give voters second chance
-- Subjective hand recounts still a problem
- Direct Recording Electronic
-- Available for over a decade
-- No independent record of count
-- We're at the programmer's mercy
http://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/~dwjones/voting/taubate.html